Main Cause of TMJ
The temporomandibular joint, often referred to simply as the TMJ, is one of the most important yet overlooked parts of your face. It’s the hinge that connects your lower jaw to the rest of your skull. It makes it possible to chew, speak, and yawn. You use it hundreds of times a day, often without even thinking about it. But when something goes wrong with this joint, the discomfort can take over your daily routine. But what causes TMJ problems to begin with? While there isn’t always one single answer, there are a few main causes that come up frequently. Read on to learn more about the main causes of TMJ.
What Is the TMJ?
The TMJ is located just in front of each ear, and it works like a sliding hinge. It allows your jaw to move in all directions, up and down, side to side, even forward and backward. What makes this joint unique is the small disc inside that acts as a cushion between the bones. When the joint is healthy, these movements are smooth and painless. But when the balance is disrupted, the result can be pain, stiffness, or even limited movement. Here are a few of the reasons why someone might experience TMJ issues.
Teeth Grinding and Clenching
One of the most common causes of TMJ problems is grinding or clenching your teeth. Many people do this at night without realizing it. Over time, the repeated pressure can wear down the disc and stress the surrounding muscles. You may not know it’s happening, but you might notice morning headaches, sore jaws, or sensitive teeth. If left unchecked, grinding can cause the jaw joint to become inflamed and irritated, which leads to pain and stiffness.
Jaw Misalignment
If your bite doesn’t line up properly, whether due to genetics, dental work, or orthodontic changes, it can force the TMJ to work harder than it should. When the upper and lower teeth don’t meet correctly, the joint and surrounding muscles are constantly trying to compensate. This added strain can create discomfort over time. Sometimes the misalignment is minor, but it’s enough to disrupt the natural movement of the jaw.
Injury or Trauma
Any injury to the face or jaw can lead to TMJ issues. A blow to the jaw from a fall, sports injury, or car accident can shift the alignment or damage the joint itself. Even if the injury seems minor at the time, the long-term effects can show up later as jaw pain, popping sounds, or stiffness.
Arthritis
Both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis can affect the TMJ. These conditions lead to inflammation in the joint and can cause the cushioning cartilage to wear away. As the surfaces within the joint lose their smoothness, everyday movements like chewing or talking can become painful or limited.
What Should You Do Next?
If you’re noticing jaw discomfort, clicking sounds, or a limited range of motion, it’s a good idea to speak with a dentist or healthcare provider. Identifying the cause of TMJ early can help you find relief sooner and reduce the risk of long-term damage. There are a variety of treatments available, from at-home strategies to custom dental appliances, designed to help restore comfort and function.