What Causes Bruxism?

The unconscious clenching and/or grinding of the teeth is known as bruxism and is a very common issue that many patients experience. Bruxism is most common during sleep, but some patients may clench or grind their teeth during the day as well.

Without treatment, bruxism can lead to pain in your jaw, ears, and neck. It can also be a contributing factor to chronic headaches as well as chipped or fractured teeth. There are a number of factors that can exacerbate symptoms of bruxism, and determining the cause of your particular case is vital to treatment.

What causes bruxism?

Underlying Medical Conditions

Certain medical conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and even epilepsy, can contribute to bruxism. Additionally, sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, snoring, and even sleep talking can cause your jaw muscles to tense in your sleep, leading to clenching or grinding the teeth.

If you suspect you have a sleep disorder that is contributing to bruxism, your dentist or general doctor can prescribe a sleep study to help diagnose the issue and initiate proper treatment. A nightguard is an oral appliance worn on the upper teeth during sleep that protects the teeth from the impact of bruxism and can help reduce pain in the jaw upon waking.

Some medications can also include bruxism as a side effect, including those used in the treatment of anxiety, psychological, and attention disorders. Your doctor may be able to prescribe an alternative medication to help reduce your chance of bruxism.

Lifestyle

The consumption of alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco products can also increase a patient’s risk of experiencing bruxism. Limiting your intake of these stimulants may help alleviate symptoms.

Stress is another major player. When you are anxious or stressed, your muscles tense, making it difficult for even your jaw to relax. In a neutral state, your mouth is closed with your lips together, but your teeth apart. If at any time during waking hours you feel yourself clenching your teeth, it is important to take note and make an effort to bring your jaw back to a neutral state. Like a nightguard for sleeping, your dentist can also provide a custom dayguard for daytime wear. Dayguards are often worn on the lower teeth to be less noticeable at school or work.

Taking the time to relax before bed can be incredibly beneficial to your sleep and bruxism. A short walk after dinner or a warm bath right before bed can help your body wind down and prepare for rest.

Malocclusion

Malocclusion is a bad bite when the upper and lower jaws do not come together properly. Misaligned teeth can greatly contribute to bruxism, day or night. The best treatment is to have your teeth straightened with orthodontics, which will in turn correct your bite.

Left untreated, bruxism will not only cause pain, but it can quickly lead to chipped or fractured teeth, gum recession, bone loss in the jaw, and even tooth loss. If you wake up with pain in your jaw or ears, or constantly have headaches, speak with your dentist to see if you may be suffering from bruxism. They can help diagnose or direct you to a specialist to ensure the best treatment possible.

Related Article: Is Bruxism a Problem?